Kierkegaard’s claim that the nexus of problems characterizing the individual’s condition as an existing being is irreducible to any other terms lay at the very roots of existentialism. Kierkegaard saw these antinomies as emerging from the condition of the individual, as a single person, who, finding himself always stretching to attain ascendance over his existential limitations in his absorption in God and at the same time always thrust back upon himself by the incommensurability of this relationship, cannot find his salvation except through the paradoxical inversion of the rational values of speculative philosophy and through the “leap of faith” in the crucified Christ. He regarded Hegel as motivated by the spirit of the harmonious dialectical conciliation of every opposition and as committed to imposing universal and panlogistic resolutions upon the authentic antinomies of life. In all of his works-but above all in his Philosophiske Smuler (1844 Philosophical Fragments) and his Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift (1846 Concluding Unscientific Postscript)-Kierkegaard waged a continuous polemic against the philosophy of Hegel. Meanwhile, the centre, on account of the critique of Trendelenburg, oriented itself toward the future reforms of Hegelianism.Īmong those who attended Schelling’s lectures was Søren Kierkegaard, the man who was destined to become one of the founding fathers of existentialism and whose religious individualism represents the earliest major result of the diffusion of Hegelianism outside of Germany. ![]() Hence the philosophy of the later Schelling became the target of all of the criticisms from the left and likewise exerted a notable influence on the speculative theists. Meanwhile, Schelling continued to teach his “positive philosophy”-of mythology and of revelation (of a personal God). Thus, Hegel constructed his entire system, Trendelenburg charged, on an arbitrary dialectic of elements intrinsically real (contraries), which he mistakenly treated as though they were abstract opposites (contradictories) and were such by logical necessity. In contrariety (2), however, the opposition of the second term to the first is concrete-thus the second term cannot be deduced from the first and instead should be derived on its own account from empirical experience. Contradiction (1) consists in the mere repetition of the first term with a negative sign and from it no concrete movement can proceed. Secondly, he charged that Hegel confused (1) the logical opposition or contradiction of A against non- A with (2) the real contradiction or contrariety of A against B. In Trendelenburg’s view, however, this passage is vitiated by its spurious dependence upon the surreptitious presupposition of the empirical movement, without which support neither the passage from Being to Nothing (and vice versa) nor the recognition of Becoming as the “truth” of this primal opposition of concepts can be justified. In Hegel’s view, the passage from Being to Nothing and to Becoming can be posited as a pure beginning “without presuppositions” of logic. Anti-Hegelian criticismĪdvancing from Aristotelian presuppositions, an important critique against the Hegelian logic was presented by the classical philosopher and philologist Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg in his Logische Untersuchungen (1840 Logical Investigations). The ensuing years marked one of the most intense periods in the cultural life of modern Europe. ![]() Period of atheistic and political radicalism: 1840–44 SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. ![]()
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